This study treats on the influence of the 2015 Calbuco eruption (41.2° S, 72.4° W; Chile) on the total columnar aerosols optical properties over the Southern Hemisphere. The well-known technic of sunphotometry was applied for investigation of the transport and the spatio-temporal evolution of the optical properties of the volcanic plume. The CIMEL sunphotometer measurements performed over 6 South American and 3 African sites were statistically analyzed.

Spatial-energy distributions of the stationary fluxes of protons, helium ions and ions of carbon-nitrogen-oxygen (CNO) group in the Earth's radiation belts (ERB) are considered here by the data of the satellites for 1961–2017. It is find that the results of these measurements line up by some regular patterns. Solar-cyclic (11-year) variations in the distributions of protons, helium ions and CNO group ions fluxes in the ERB are studied.

Currents are believed to exist in mirror mode structures and to be self-consistent with the magnetic field depression. Bipolar currents are found in two ion-scale magnetic dips. The bipolar current in a small-size magnetic dip is mainly contributed by electron velocities, which is mainly formed by the magnetic gradient-curvature drift. For another large-size magnetic dip, the bipolar current is mainly caused by an ion bipolar velocity, which can be explained by the ion diamagnetic drift.

We present a comprehensive statistical study of the response of the Earth’s space environment during sheath regions preceding interplanetary coronal mass ejections. Inner magnetospheric wave activity is enhanced during sheath regions, and sheaths cause significant changes in the outer radiation belt electron fluxes on short time scales. We show that also non-geoeffective sheaths can result in a significant response.

The near-Earth environment can be divided into three main regions: the magnetosphere, the magnetosheath and the solar wind. The boundaries between the three regions being called the magnetopause and the bow shock. The manual detection of these boundaries in the data of spacecraft orbiting the Earth is ambiguous and time consuming. We elaborated an automatic detection method of the two bondaries. Which provides a considerable gain of time in the analysis of spacraft in-situ data.

This is an extensive model study to analyze the migrating quarterdiurnal solar tide (QDT) and their forcing mechanisms in the middle atmosphere. We show first a climatology of the QDT amplitudes and examine the contribution of the different forcing mechanisms, like direct solar, nonlinear and gravity wave forcing, on the QDT amplitude. Furthermore, we investigate destructive interference between the individual forcing mechanisms.

The Earth's atmosphere is constantly losing molecules and charged particles, amongst them oxygen ions or O⁺. Quantifying this loss provides information about the evolution of the atmosphere on geological timescales. In this study, we investigate the final destination of O⁺ observed with Cluster satellites in a high-altitude magnetospheric region (plasma mantle) by tracing the particles forward in time using simulations. We find that approximately 96 % of O⁺ escape the Earth's magnetosphere.

Using the distributed source line transmission (DSLT) theory and magnetometers data, induced electrical field was calculated for the first time in a Brazilian pipeline. The corrosion rate was also evaluated using the Gummow's methodology. With different terminating impedance, the pipeline was out the safe range of operation, even for low terminating impedance. The corrosion rate was significant for strong geomagnetic storms, however it was not above the acceptable limit.

Temperatures obtained from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC observations in the stratosphere are analysed for tidal variations. It is seen that the non-migrating tides are not very significant in the high latitude winter stratosphere. It is shown in this study that the observed amplitudes of these tides are most probably a result of aliasing and they are not geophysical in nature. Thus, the process through which it was believed that they are produced (non-linear interactions) seems to be unimportant.

We present a new in-situ observation of energetic electron in space obtained by a newly available particle detector. In view of the characteristic signatures in the particle flux, we attribute the observational features to the drift-resonance wave-particle interaction between energetic electrons and multiple localized ULF waves. The scenario is substantiate by a numerical calculation based on the revised drift-resonance theory which reproduced the observed particle signatures.

Comprehensive analysis of a moderate substorm was performed with using optical observations inside the auroral oval and in the polar cap, combined with data from satellites, radars, and ground magnetometers. The onset took place near the poleward boundary of the auroral oval that is not typical for classical substorms. Data set fits to the near-tail current disruption scenario of the substorm onset. The role of the 15-min oscillations in IMF Bz component in the substorm initiation is discussed.

The paper investigates feature in Southern hemisphere ionosphere, which is observed near midday in a form of localized enhancement of electron density. Being discovered in global ionospheric maps enhancements were observed via in-situ measurements of electron concentration as well. The probability of its detection is maximal during autumn-winter period and seems not to be directly dependent on geomagnetic indices and solar wind parameters.

We investigate the magnetopause stability and mixing by a new 3fluid model aimed at reproducing at best the system configuration obtained directly from satellite data. This "realistic" model is a basic starting point for numerical simulations. The realistic 3fluid equilibrium presented in this paper should allow for a step further and could be applied to other experimental cases in the future. MMS DATA AVAILABLE AT: MMS data server: https://lasp.colorado.edu/mms/sdc/public/about/browse-wrapper.