The magnetopause (MP) is the primary interaction region between solar wind and the magnetic field of planet Earth and understanding of its behaviour also helps to better understand space weather. One famous model of the MP is the Shue et al. model, designed for the dayside and near-Earth situation. We take data of the ARTEMIS mission orbiting the moon and compare the MP position and shape to the model. We find differences in the location prediction but good agreement for the MP normal direction.

A localized total electron content enhancement (LTE) was observed as a product of the geomagnetic storm that happened on 8 September 2017. This result was unexpected because it was located south of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). The origin of the enhancement of the TEC in the EIA is very likely due to the super-fountain effect. On the other hand, the LTE is suggested to be produced by the contribution of the super-fountain effect along with traveling ionospheric disturbances.

Reduced atmospheric ozone results in increased solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) at the surface which may potentially negative impact public health. We aimed to assess whether or not the break-up of the Antarctic ozone hole had an impact on ozone and UVR at Cape Point (South Africa). We found a moderate inverse relationship between ozone and UVR at midday on clear-sky days. The Antarctic ozone hole had a limited effect on ozone levels while tropical air masses more frequently affected the site.

Comparing Swarm GPS-only gravity fields to the ultra-precise GRACE K-Band gravity field schematic errors occurs around the geomagnetic equator. Due to the end of the GRACE mission, and the gap to the GRACE-FO mission, only Swarm can provide a continuous time series of gravity fields. We present different and assess different approaches to remove the schematic errors and thus improve the quality of the Swarm gravity fields.

In the present work we used unique data on the magnetic field in the Jovian magnetosphere measured by the Juno spacecraft. The data allowed us to determine optimal parameters of the magnetodisc in the paraboloid magnetospheric model and find the ways to qualitatively improve the model.

In this paper, we propose an improved pixel-based water vapor tomography model, which uses layered optimal polynomial functions by adaptive training for water vapor retrieval. Under different scenarios, tomography results show that the new model outperforms the traditional one by reducing the root-mean-square error (RMSE), and this improvement is more pronounced, at 5.88 % in voxels without the penetration of GNSS rays. The improved model also has advantages in more convenient expression.

Spatial extrapolation of an ionosphere TEC map was carried out using a SVM learning algorithm. There has been much research on the temporal extrapolation or prediction of TEC time series, but the spatial extrapolation has rarely been attempted. Some researchers have performed simultaneous extrapolation both in time and in spatial domains, but this research covers the spatial extrapolation only by using an inner TEC map. This spatial TEC extrapolation can be useful for small countries.

Based on hourly averages of the total electron content (TEC), a regional model of the TEC was constructed. Annual averages calculated from monthly medians of the detrended TEC were used to estimate any trends in the TEC over the African low latitudes. A predominantly negative trend in the ionospheric TEC was observed in the vicinity of the dip equator.

Data from two instruments (MODIS and MISR) on board the Terra satellite were compared with seven AERONET ground-based stations located in the Middle East and North Africa. The goal was to test which space-borne instrument can better represent ground data over different geographic locations. Comparing satellites’ retrievals with corresponding AERONET measurements shows that space-borne data retrieval accuracy can be affected by landscape and topology.

We use data from two NASA satellites and a general circulation model of the upper atmosphere to elucidate the key factors governing the abundance and diurnal variation of nitric oxide (NO) at near-solar minimum conditions and low latitudes. This has been difficult to do previously, because NO data are typically taken from satellites in sun-synchronous orbits, meaning that they only acquire data in fixed local times. We overcome this limitation through model simulations of the NO diurnal cycle.